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A
systematic review is a method supporting evidence-based
practices and healthcare decisions primarily through quantitative approach
whereby a complete search is conducted in attempting to identify all the
related publications which are integrated and assimilated through statistical
analysis. The crucial factor for a systematic review is a comprehensive search
process as it can be viewed as preventing the risk
of bias and thus providing quality
representation of available research. However, current research investigation
process mainly focuses on different methods to ensure
the comprehensive and bias-free searches for quantitative
systematic reviews. Because of time consumption and
resources requirementin completing a systematic literature search, multiple efforts
have been made to study the sensitivity of searches, and thus it reduces the
amount of time spent reviewing irrelevant articles which are of no use. Through
devising a search
strategy, a search tool has been used in organizing
framework to list terms in the search questions by the main concepts and such
frameworks will also be very helpful for teams doing a systematic
review without an experienced information specialist.The
PICO framework focuses on the Population,
Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes and it is a commonly used tool quantitative
systematic review to identify different components of clinical evidence for a
systematic review, and the
Cochrane Collaboration recognizes it.

P
– Patient | Population
Most important characteristics of patients.
Examples: Gender, age, and disease or condition
I
– Intervention or exposure
Main intervention. Examples: Drug treatment,
diagnostic and screening test
C
– Comparison or control
Main alternative. Examples: Standard therapy,
placebo, no treatment, and a gold standard
O
– Outcome
The
PICO model was developed to help structure a well-built clinical
question and enable a literature
searchof relevant citations. Since its introduction, it
has played an essential role as a conceptualizing model for evidence-based
medicine. The PICO framework will also help in reducing the time and retrieving
related documents, thus ensures bias-free quality
systematic review, and it also helps to determine the
transparency of evidence synthesis results and findings.
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