World Health Report states
that depression accounts for 40% of all neuropsychiatric
disorders. Depression is a disease characterized by a lack of energy, mood
swings, fluctuations in weight, interrupted sleep, waking up very early morning,
gain or lossof appetite, etc. People with depression display an increased
sensitivity to social challenges.They do not respond correctly at times and become
eccentric. They get upset very easilyand feel guilty. Such candidates have a
suicidal tendency. The typical symptoms of depression include difficulty with
memory and concentration, apathy, fatigue, emotional lability, irritability,
nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, migraine headaches, constipation, dysmenorrhea,
fibromyalgia, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(Wang et al. 2018).
The role of magnesium in our body:
Magnesium plays a crucial role in medical regulating contraction
of all kinds of muscles, blood pressure, metabolism of insulin, for an optimal
transmission of the nerves, coordination of nerves and muscles, protection
against excitotoxicity, synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins. N-methyl-D-aspartate
coupled calcium channels are opened when magnesium is deficient. Magnesium
serves as a cofactor in several enzymatic reactions.Neurotransmitters, DNA
metabolism and mood regulation depends largely on magnesium.In clinical care,
the central nervous system has the maximum concentration of magnesium which accounts
for brain balance. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter which is kept
within limits by an appropriate magnesium level. GABA is yet another
neurotransmitter kept under control with the binding of magnesium to GABA
receptors.
.
In such medical conditions,
calcium and glutamate are take up by the neuron instead magnesium, which in
turn leads to deregulation of synaptic function, finally leading to the
condition of depression. Hippocampal kindling is suppressed and protein kinase
C is modulated by magnesium ions. P-glyocprotein is also affected by lower
levels of magnesium. P-glycoprotein maintains the permeability of blood-brain
barrier to glucocorticoids. Affecting this protein causes an alteration in
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which finally damages the hippocampus. Magnesium
has an anti-inflammatory effect, which makes it an antidepressant of high
potential(Kirkland,
Sarlo, and Holton 2018).
The ways magnesium
gets depleted:
Processed foods lack magnesium and
their intake results in magnesium deficiency in our body. Black beans, pumpkin
seeds, cashews, almonds and dark chocolate are some of the food items rich in
magnesium.Intake of antacids, diuretics, caffeine and alcohol also decreases
magnesium levels. Since human beings of the modern world tend to eat processed
foods and such beverages, the levels of magnesium in their bodies are getting
depleted and is becoming the main reason for major depression and other
psychiatric disorders.
Effects of
magnesium administration :
The positive side is that mood
and cognition gets improved and better with the administration of magnesium
such that the normal levels of magnesium gets restored in the body.People tend
to show healthy
eating patterns, good response to stress conditions, better quality of sleep, improvements in
efficacy of modalities such as medications, etc. So it is very important for
all of us to have a sufficient intake of food items enriched with magnesium so
that the minimal body requirements of magnesium are met with. It is advised by
doctors all over the world to avoid junk and polished foods which are devoid of
crucial minerals. Minerals like magnesium are required in very small amounts in
our body but play major roles in several metabolic pathways and a deficiency in
this mineral will evidently result in depressive disorders in humans(Ryszewska-Pokraśniewicz et al. 2018).
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