What do we think? What do we feel? How do we
react to a particular situation?
All these are related to our mind. Yes, our emotions,
manifestation of behavior, emotions, and feelings are related to our mind and
the scientific study of our mind is called Psychology.
This
scientific study has
several branches of which clinical psychology is very important. This is the
broad branch of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mental,
emotional, and behavioral disorders.This is also knownas experimental or
behavioral science.
How do we define it?
This is the in-depth Study of Mental health.orbehavioral
disorder which causes distress in several domains of life. This study includes
symptoms, behaviors, causes, development, treatment, etc.
How To Examine Whether Someone Is A Patient Of
Mental Illness Or Not?
For this, a comprehensive assessment or
systematic
examination of History is required.
This
assessment
consists of two sections of which the first one is a section of History that
includes how the present symptoms have evolved, review of past treatments, past
and present medical conditions, family history of psychiatric problems and
treatment, personal history of the patient.
Let’s Have A Look At How To Do A Patient’s
History Examined Systematically.
Identification: Information about patient’s age and sex,
mainly racial or ethnic information, and sometimes includes religious
affiliation.
Chief Complaint: a voice recording of the patient that
describes why he or she seeks treatment.
History of the Present Illness: a chronological description
from when and how the symptoms have progressed. The character of the symptoms
must be described in detail.
Past Psychiatric History: includes previous incidents and
symptoms, treatment, etc.
Medical history: Medical history is also important because
sometimes a person's illness or major surgery may cause mental disturbances.
Family history: mental disorders can be genetic so family
history may help to diagnose and proper treatment.
Personal History: it has a very significant role as it
describes events throughout a person’s life.
Classification
In ancient ages, it was believed that unusual and strange
behaviour was due to the possession of evil spirits. During the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries,
physicians
began to identify symptoms and classified them as a disease.
In the twentieth century, two new approaches were
contributed by German physician Emil Kraepelin and Sigmund Freud which have
major influences in the understanding and classification of psychopathology(Eldar, GOmez, & Hofmann, 2017).
The main classes of mental illness are:
Mood Disorders:Includes disturbance of mood, this is divided
into depressive and bipolar disorder.A new diagnosis of mood disorder has been
reported among children and adolescents. These patients are having severe non
episodic irritability with bipolar disorder. This type of disorder is called Disruptive
mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)(Tourian et al., 2015).
Anxiety
Disorders:These are characterized by excessive worry about some imaginary
outcome,these may be general,social anxiety or panic disorder.
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: These include trichotillomania
(hair-pulling disorder),bodydysmorphic disorder (BDD),
hoarding disorder, and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder.
Trauma and Stressor Disorders (Including Dissociative
Disorder): These occur due to guilt, rage, and shame, stressful events, etc.
Somatic Disorders:Acute
pain that does not have any anatomical or neurophysiological origin is labeled
as psychopathological(Katz, Rosenbloom, & Fashler, 2015).The characteristics of this
disorder are anxiety or distress and symptoms are pain or fatigue.
Feeding and Eating
Disorders: These disorders affect the normal food habits that impair physical
health and also psychosocial functions.
Sexual disorder:
This is distorted sexual behavior which is very difficult to differentiate from
normal sexual behavior.
Schizophrenia
Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders:This is a very complicated syndrome
affecting 1% of the population.
Cause
of psychological disorder:
It is very difficult to detect the exact cause of
psychological
disorders, but several factors influence their development. The main factors
are
·
Inherited traits: psychological disorder is
common in people who have relatives having the same problem. It can be
inherited from relatives.
·
Environmental exposures before birth: Exposure
to some factors like environmental stress, toxins, alcohol, drugs can cause
mental illness.
Treatment:
Treatment depends on the type of
psychological
disorder. Treatment from a primary care provider may be sufficient for a
patient of mild mental illness. But in severe
mental
illness like schizophrenia team approach is very much important to meet
psychiatric, medical and social needs.
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