Introduction:
Case reports are "scientific findings that have
been meticulously collected to serve as a useful educational and research
guide." Sir William Osier, who was the author of a number of those
experimental findings, urged other doctors to do the same "Always take
care of something out of the ordinary. Once you've made and documented the rare
or unique discovery, you can publish it." The American Journal of
Dermatopathology released a case study.
What kind of Cases should be reported?
According
to our analysis of published cases and applicable standards, case reports
should describe a unique presentation, not just modifying a previously
mentioned case. A new or rare site for a previously identified illness, for
example, would not qualify as a one-of-a-kind occurrence unless it is followed
by previously undocumented signs or necessitated an especially time-consuming
and expensive diagnosis procedure.
The components of a case report
Introduction,
case presentation, and debate were listed as the three main components of most
recently written material on how to write case reports."
We propose that these five parts be included in a case
study, based on all of the recommendations from previously published guidance,
as well as the structural elements of many previously published publications
and our observations:1) abstract/introduction, 2) case history/description, 3)
literature review, 4) discussion, 5) conclusions/recommendations.
1.
Abstract
Abstracts and the title are an integral part of each
article's electronic bibliographic background in databases like MEDLINE.
Abstracts enable users to easily scan an article's content to see if it is
interesting enough to warrant further reading. Many publications that may be
relevant to a clinical condition may be overlooked if abstracts are not used.
We recommend including a brief abstract that includes the clinical issue or
dilemma, an outline
of the literature review, and a brief statement summarising
why this case is rare and interesting in place of or in addition to an
introduction.
2. Case History/Report :
The case history or case report, which is usually
taken from chart notes and is a core component of written case studies, is the second
section. It should start with a brief introduction to the patient(s) and a
description of the current condition. Writers should provide details about the
medical evaluation and any test findings that offer insight into the actual
situation. Still, not all test results should be provided, and "red
herrings" should be avoided because they are likely to create
complications for other doctors. Include normal laboratory values for samples
that aren't as widely ordered.
3. Literature Review
The
organised
literature search, similar to that described for systematic
reviews, is listed in the methodology section for case reports. A well-constructed
clinical query should be formulated," accompanied by an explanation of the
index words or MeSH headings used for the searches such that anyone can
replicate the search, such as MeSH terms to address the clinical question, "What
are the potential causes of intractable perioral rash in a 10-year-old boy?"
"Dermatitis, perioral," or "facial dermatoses," for
example. The literature review should be concise and precise, intended to
ensure the case's uniqueness and provide a context for and role of the latest evidence
in the biomedical literature.
4. Discussion
The
most critical part of a case study is the discussion area. This is where the
writers explain why knowledge is important. What about this patient described
your attention or was unusual? Why is it necessary to write this down? What
would your colleagues discover? Notice that not all subsets of the worksheet's
topic section would extend to all cases mentioned. Choose the places that can
better help elucidate the situation, keeping in mind the two case reporting
watchwords: brevity and consistency.
5. Summary/Conclusions/Recommendations
Section
Finally,
a short outline, conclusion, or recommendations section—the take-home
message—should be included in the report. This segment should include any
lessons learned by the practitioner when caring for this patient, such as
family, emotional, or quality-of-life lessons, physician-patient contact
barriers, or compliance problems.
6. Overcoming Barriers to Writing Case Reports
A
meeting of obstacles stands in the way practitioners choose to write case
reports or other manuscripts for publication. The most significant impediment
is time. By guiding the clinician's data collection, the case report worksheet
will help speed up preparing a case report (those scientific observations that
comprise a case report). The comments and conclusions can be easily formatted
into a manuscript
for submission until they're done.
Conclusion
Case
studies must be concise, provide new or unique information, and organise and
present clinical findings in a regular, systematic manner. Editors and
editorial boards of primary care and family medicine journals should establish
basic requirements for approving case reports (type of article, volume, etc.)
and include those criteria in each journal's instructions for authors.
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