In brief
The study
looks at recent studies on the impact of open access (free access) on
scientists' behaviour as writers, readers, and citers in developed and
developing countries. It also examines how broadly the biomedical literature is
used by the general public. According to researchers, access to scientific
papers is normally great and improving.
Introduction
The
belief that subscription-based publishing has resulted in a crisis of access to
scientific
publications [1] is a compelling
argument in favour of open access publishing. This study investigates that
claim by reviewing current literature and illustrating how open access has
impacted scholars, clinicians, and the general public in both developed and
developing countries.
Methods
The
study is based on a review
of existing empirical research
that attempts to quantify — directly or indirectly — academics, physicians, and
the general public's access to and use of scientific material. Bibliographic
databases, referenced references, personal interaction, and prior knowledge of
the issue were all used to find relevant books. Papers on the economics of
scientific publication, for example, are omitted from studies of how
information is created, published, and made publicly available.
The
study is based on a review
of existing empirical research
that aims to measure academics,
clinicians, and the general public's access to and use of scientific content,
either directly or indirectly. To identify appropriate books, bibliographic
databases, referred references, personal interaction, and prior understanding
of the problem were all utilised. Studies of how information is created,
published, and made publicly available, for example, omit papers on the
economics of scientific publication.
Approaches to studying scholars' use of the scientific literature
Each
strategy has advantages and disadvantages. To derive conclusions about a given
community, surveys can elicit the replies of thousands of people. While
in-depth interviews have limited generalizability, they may be used to go
further into a topic and study the values and motives of interviewees.
Authorship and use of
the scientific literature
by scholars in developed nations
Periodic
examinations of scientists' information-seeking and reading habits in the
United States have identified three tendencies over the last thirty years: (1)
Scientists are reading more articles while spending less time searching for and
retrieving them; (2) scientists are reading from a broader range of journals
and extending their reading into older literature; and (3) scientists have
become more reliant on institutional (library) access to journal
collections, though they still use
informal sources like preprint servers and colleagues.
Studies based on unobtrusive methods
Downloads
Data
obtained from Elsevier and Oxford University Press's online transaction logs
reveals two critical trends over the last few years: an increase in the number
of journals accessible at a typical university and an even more significant
growth in the number of article downloads [2]. These figures are used as
evidence by package deal publishers that they add value to the academic
community.
Citations
The
influence of online and open access on citation behaviour among academics is
unclear. The extent to which improved access has extended the scope of
referenced material is a point of contention.
Impact of free access on clinical decision making
Participants
in the study were given one of four access options: (1) no mention of the
relevant article, (2) a citation to the article without a hyperlink, (3) a
citation with a link to the article (which costs $11.95), or (4) a citation
with a link to a free copy of the article. After a week, participants were
asked to read a vignette regarding the article's topic and provide
recommendations for medical intervention. Participants in group 4 were the most
likely to say they had read the article in both experiments. Only one research
found that reading the article made a recommendation based on the information
it provided. These findings suggest that having free access to research
publications enhances the chance of
downloading and reading them.
Summary and discussion
While
free access encourages more people to read, the influence on citations is still
being studied. According to current studies, there is little indication of
unmet demand for primary medical or health sciences books among the general
audience. There have been no revisions that look at how open access to
scientific publications affects the usage of scientific knowledge in
non-research settings, including teaching, medical practice, industry, and
government.
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